Cells
Robert Hooke
-He coined the word “cell”. (1665)
-He looked at a thin slice of cork and noticed the tiny compartments looked like the rooms that monks lived in called cells.
Antony van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
-Father of microscopy – his superior lens dramatically improved the microscope. From 20x to 200x
Cell Theory
-Developed by several scientists.
-Three of the famous ones are
Schwann, Schlieden, & Virchow
-Three parts of Cell Theory:
1.All living things are made of cells
2.Cells are the basic unit of structure and function.
3.All cells come from pre-existing cells.
Three major parts of the cell
1) Nucleus
-Control center
-Contains chromosomes
-Chromosomes contain DNA.
2) Plasma Membrane & Cell wall
-Membranes regulate what enters and leaves the cell.
-Only plants have cell walls. They protect and support. They are made of cellulose.
3) Cytoplasm
-Contains organelles
-Found between nucleus and cell membrane.
The Organelles
1) Endoplasmic Reticulum
-Functions in transport
2) Ribosomes
-Make proteins
3) Golgi apparatus
-Stores and packages chemicals
4) Vacuole
-Stores water, food & waste
5) Lysosomes
-Digestion
6) Centrioles
- Animal cell division
7) Microtubules
-Flagellum = whip-like structure
-Cilia = tiny hair-like structure
8) Mitochondria
-The powerhouse of the cell. Muscle cells have more mitochondria than other cells.
9) Chloroplasts
-These organelles found in plant cells.
-Converts light energy into chemical energy (sugar)
Plant Cells Vs Animal Cells
-Plants have cell walls, chloroplasts, and a single large vacuole
-Animal cells have centrioles
Photosynthesis
-The process that begins most food webs on earth. Plants, algae and some bacteria use this process to produce their own food.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy --> C6H12O6 + 6O2
Chemosynthesis
-Occurs in the deep sea where there is no light
-Chemosynthetic bacteria makes food from the chemicals seeping out of vents at the bottom of the ocean.
